Sesame crop is important in our state as edible oilseed crop. As the cost of production in sesame crop is low compared to groundnut, farmers choose this crop for cultivation. Sesame oil and the use of sesame are also very important medicinally. So the possibilities of oil extraction in foreign countries are increasing and there is enough potential in this crop to earn foreign exchange.
Economic Importance of Sesame:
Sesame seeds contain 38 to 54 percent oil and 18 to 25 percent protein of good quality. Generally 78% of sesame produced in India is used for oil crushing, 20% for food and 2 to 3% for seeds. Sesame seeds are used to make nutritious foods, flavorings (soda) and in medicinals. 15 to 20% pods (shoots) emerge from whole sesame seeds. This fiber contains 2 to 3% oxalic acid, 1 to 2% calcium and high fiber content. Black-seeded varieties have more oxalic acid, fiber and less protein than white-seeded varieties.
Sesame oil is used extensively in soaps, cosmetics, fragrances, medicinals and pesticides. When less Relatively high concentrations of essential oils, body lotions, and motor vehicles Used in use.
Different Sesame Preparations:
Vegetable Thee, Chikki, Sesame Ladoo, Talwat, Sesame Sani, Sesame Kachariu, Sesame Barfi, Sesame Revadi, Sesame Biscuits, Sesame Cake, Farsan, Mukhawasan, Sesame Mooncake, Sesame Round Gujaya, Sesame Chutney, Sesame Patti, Sesame Bahal, Sesame Potato Sesame seeds are used in making patties etc. Large grain white colored sesame seeds are exported. While black sesame is used as medicine.
Climate:
Sesame yield is greatly affected by physical factors such as time and intensity of light. Sesame crop can be taken even in drought like conditions. Sesame grows 500 to 650 mm during its lifetime. It needs rain. Sesame crop is sensitive and can be grown throughout the year in monsoon, semi-winter or summer season. Semi-winter sesame is sown in Purva Nakshatra while summer sesame is sown in the month of February when the coolness subsides.
Land:
Sesame crops thrive on well-drained, loamy, sandy or medium black soils. This crop can be grown even in light soil by adding native manure. sticky Saline and waterlogged soils are not suitable for this crop. Prepare the land for sowing by removing the residues of the next crop by plowing one plow and two to three vertical plowings. Sesame crop 5.5 to 8.0 pH. Can be taken well in numbered soils.
Product:
Depending on the type of soil, time of sowing and timely rainfall, 700 to 800 kg of sesame per hectare and 300 to 400 kg of sesamum in inter-crops can be obtained in addition to the main crop. 400 to 500 kg of semi-winter sesame is produced per hectare.
Sesame harvesting:
Sesame seeds should be harvested when the sides of the sesame crop turn yellow and the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Monsoon sesame seeds mature in 85 to 90 days. Whereas half winter sesame ripens in 115 to 120 days. If the harvesting of sesame is done late, there is a decrease in production due to loss of sesame due to cracking of sesame seeds. This decline in production is around 30 percent. So sesame should be harvested on time and at dawn. After harvesting, raise small piles of sesame seeds. After the pool is dry, the pools are rolled upside down.